1 Samuel 10:1

Authorized King James Version

Then Samuel took a vial of oil, and poured it upon his head, and kissed him, and said, Is it not because the LORD hath anointed thee to be captain over his inheritance?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּקַּ֨ח
took
to take (in the widest variety of applications)
#2
שְׁמוּאֵ֜ל
Then Samuel
shemuel, the name of three israelites
#3
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#4
פַּ֥ךְ
a vial
a flask (from which a liquid may flow)
#5
הַשֶּׁ֛מֶן
of oil
grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness
#6
וַיִּצֹ֥ק
and poured
properly, to pour out (transitive or intransitive); by implication, to melt or cast as metal; by extension, to place firmly, to stiffen or grow hard
#7
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#8
רֹאשׁ֖וֹ
it upon his head
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
#9
וַיִּשָּׁקֵ֑הוּ
and kissed
to kiss, literally or figuratively (touch); also (as a mode of attachment), to equip with weapons
#10
וַיֹּ֕אמֶר
him and said
to say (used with great latitude)
#11
הֲל֗וֹא
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#12
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#13
מְשָׁחֲךָ֧
hath anointed
to rub with oil, i.e., to anoint; by implication, to consecrate; also to paint
#14
יְהוָ֛ה
Is it not because the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#15
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#16
נַֽחֲלָת֖וֹ
over his inheritance
properly, something inherited, i.e., (abstractly) occupancy, or (concretely) an heirloom; generally an estate, patrimony or portion
#17
לְנָגִֽיד׃
thee to be captain
a commander (as occupying the front), civil, military or religious; generally (abstractly, plural), honorable themes

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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